Amandla ahlaziyekayo-enamandla kwikamva elikhuselekileyo

Amandla asentliziyweni yemeko yomngeni wemozulu - kwaye isitshixo kwisisombululo.

I-chunk enkulu yegesi eluhlaza igesi ingubo umhlaba kwaye ivutha ubushushu belanga ivela kwimveliso yamandla, ngokutshisa i-fossil fuels ukuvelisa umbane kunye nobushushu.

I-fossil fuels, ezinje ngamalahle, i-oyile kunye nerhasi, ngabom ukutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi, i-accounting ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-75 zokukhupha i-90 phantse i-carbon dioxide.

Inzululwazi icacile: ukuthintela iimpembelelo ezimbi zemozulu, ukuphuma kufuneka kuncitshiswe phantse nge-2030 kwaye ufikelele kwi-2550.

Ukufezekisa oku, kufuneka siphelise ukuthembela kwethu kwifosili kwaye sityala imali kwimithombo yamandla ecocekileyo, efikelelekayo, efikelelekayo, kunye nokuzinza.

Imithombo yamandla ahlaziyiweyo - ezifumanekayo ngomhlaba ojikelezileyo, elungiselelwe lilanga, umoya, inkunkuma, kunye nobushushu obuvela kwigesi eluhlaza okanye zingcolise umoya.

I-fossil fuels iseyimpendulo ngaphezulu kwe-80 pesenti yemveliso yamandla ehlabathi, kodwa imithombo yamandla ifumana umhlaba. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-29 zombane ezivela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo.

Nazi izizathu ezihlanu ezibangela ukuba ukuqaphela inguqu kumandla acocekileyo yindlela eya kwiplanethi esempilweni, namhlanje namhlanje nakwizizukulwana ezizayo.

1. Imithombo yamandla ahlaziyiweyo ijikeleze i-80 pesenti yabemi behlabathi jikelele ikwiminatha ye-fossil ye-fossil-leyo malunga ne-6 yeebhiliyoni ezixhomekeke kumanye amazwe, ebangela ukuba babe sengozini yegeopolical Unkwantyo kunye neengxaki. Ngokwahlukileyo, imithombo yamandla ahlaziyiweyo iyafumaneka kuwo onke amazwe, kwaye amandla abo asaqhutywa ngokupheleleyo. I-Arhente yamandla ahlaziyiweyo yeHlabathi (irena) iqikelela ukuba u-90 pesenti wombane wehlabathi unakho kwaye kufanele ukuba uvele ngo-2050. Ukuvuselela i-verstency inikezela ngoqoqosho, ukubonelela kumaxabiso angalindelekanga I-fossil fuels, ngelixa uqhuba ukukhula okubandakanyayo uqoqosho, imisebenzi emitsha kunye nokupheliswa kwentlupheko.

2. Amandla ahlaziyiweyo anexabiso elihlaziyiweyo yindlela efihlakeleyo yexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi namhlanje. Amaxabiso etekhnoloji yamandla ahlaziyiweyo ahlazisa ngokukhawuleza. Ixabiso lombane ovela kumandla elanga lawela ngeepesenti ezingama-85 phakathi kuka-2010 kunye ne-2020. Iindleko zamandla omoya kunye nama-Anshore awela ngama-56 eepesenti kwaye ama-48 pesenti ngokwahlukeneyo. Amaxabiso awela mandla enza amandla ahlaziyekayo anomtsalane ngakumbi-kubandakanywa kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi nangaphakathi, apho uninzi lwemfuno yombane omtsha luya kuvela khona. Ngeendleko eziwileyo, kukho ithuba lokwenyani lokubonelela ngamandla amatsha kule minyaka izayo ukuze kubonelelwe yimithombo yekhabhoni ephantsi. Umbane otyhafileyo kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo inokubonelela ngeepesenti ezingama-65 zombane opheleleyo wombane opheleleyo nge-2030. Inokuphelisa ipesenti ezingama-90 zecandelo lamandla kunye nokuncedisa ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu. Although solar and wind power costs are expected to remain higher in 2022 and 2023 then pre-pandemic levels due to general elevated commodity and freight prices, their competitiveness actually improves due to much sharper increases in gas and coal prices, says the International Energy Agency ( IEA).

3. Amandla ahlaziyiweyo anempilo ngokombutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO), malunga neepesenti ezingama-99 zabantu abakwi-World Deble Air Air Air Air phucwe kunyaka ngamnye kungenziwa Izizathu zokusingqongileyo eziPhilekileyo, kubandakanya ungcoliseko lomoya. Amanqanaba angenampilo ofanelekileyo kunye ne-nitrogen diokside ivela ikakhulu ekutshisweni kwefosili. Ngo-2018, ungcoliseko lomoya ukusuka kwi-fossil fuels kubangela i-2,9 yezigidi zeerali kwimpilo nakwiindleko ze-8 zeedola ngosuku. Ukutshintshela kwimithombo ecocekileyo yamandla, enjengomoya kunye nelanga, kunceda ukujongana notshintsho lwemozulu kuphela kodwa ikwanjalo nokungcoliseka komoya.

4. Amandla ahlaziyiweyo akhalisa imisebenzi yonke idola yokutyalomali kwi-RedWenes evuselelayo idala amaxesha amathathu imisebenzi ngakumbi kunemizi-mveliso ye-fossil. I-IEA I-IEA iqikelela ukuba utshintsho oluya kutshintsha lwe-Net-zero luya kukhokelela kunyuso lwecandelo lemisebenzi: Ngelixa imisebenzi engama-8 kwimisebenzi engama-14 yemisebenzi eqikelelwayo iya kwenziwa ngamandla acocekileyo, kukhokelela kwinzuzo ye-9 yemisebenzi. Ukongeza, amashishini ahambelana namandla aya kufuna abanye abantu abazizigidi ezili-16, umzekelo ukuba bathathe iindima ezintsha ekwenzeni izithuthi zombane kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo ze-hyper okanye kwitekhnoloji ye-hydrogen. Oku kuthetha ukuba imisebenzi engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 inokwenziwa kumandla acocekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye netekhnoloji ye-imeyile ephantsi ngo-2030. paramount ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu ushiyekileyo.

5. Amandla ahlaziyiweyo esenza ingqiqo yezoqoqosho malunga ne- $ 5.9 yezigidigidi ichithwe kwinkxaso-mali ye-fuels yefosili ngo-2020, kubandakanya imitya yentengiso, kunye nomonakalo wezempilo ongenaxabiso kwiindleko zefosili yefosili. Xa kuthelekiswa, malunga ne-4 ye-trillion ye- $ 4 ngonyaka kufuneka ifumane imali ehlaziyiweyo de kube ngu-2030-kubandakanywa notyalo-mali kwi-2050. Iindleko eziphezulu zinokusonakalisa amazwe amaninzi, kwaye uninzi luya kufuna inkxaso yemali nezobuchwephesha ukwenza utshintsho. Kodwa utyalomali kumandla ahlaziyiweyo luya kuhlawula. Ukuncitshiswa kongcoliseko kunye nemozulu kunempembelelo yodwa kunokugcina umhlaba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4.2 yeedola ngonyaka nge-2030. Ngaphezulu kwetekhnoloji ye-2030. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuphuculweyo, ukhuseleko lwamandla ngokhuseleko lokuhambisa amandla.